Last reviewed August 28, 2026

ROI Calculator: Formula, Scenarios & Interpretation

Calculate simple ROI from initial cost and ending value, plus optional annualized return for multi-year holding periods.

What the calculation measures

Simple ROI is useful for a quick comparison, while annualized return is more meaningful when holding periods differ.

How to interpret the result

Use cash-flow-aware metrics such as IRR when investments have multiple contributions or withdrawals.

Run scenarios instead of one answer

Change the most uncertain input and compare outcomes. A calculator is most useful when it shows sensitivity, not when one estimate is treated as a guarantee.

Limits and assumptions

Fees, taxes and timing can materially change realized returns.

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